Androgyny Shakespeares Female Characters Essay Example For Students

Hermaphrodism Shakespeares Female Characters Essay All through Mans history, ladies have consistently been off guard socially, monetarily, and strategically. Shakespeare understood this and looked to bring the debate that accompanies Androgynous issuesto life. Through solid female characters and the ramifications of camouflages, Shakespeare uncovered sexual orientation issues. Numerous pundits trust Shakespeare ineffectively speaks to ladies in his plays through deliberate abusing of ladies with his kid young lady kid camouflages. When truth be told, I consider Shakespeare to be abusing how ladies were/are treated through that very utilization of camouflages and the quality he gives his female characters, particularly that of Portia Merchant of Venice and Viola Twelfth nightis delegate of his own deference of smart, resilient ladies. It is additionally essential to make reference to that the possibility of a transsexual subject didn't exist during Shakespeares time, as in a similar sense that one would have now. Men filling the role of womenplaying the piece of men was basically acknowledged by the crowd. Shakespeare had the option to utilize this acknowledgment as a chance to give female characters solid and significant jobs. Portia is so solid of a character, she would have been viewed as a fiend lady according to her peershumor for the kid young lady kid camouflage for the crowd of the time. However, Shakespeares depiction of Portia and Viola, is courageous in todays terms. By the mid-eighteen hundreds, Shakespeares female characters were beginning to be examined. Shakespeare was more than 200 years comparatively radical on sexual orientation issues. In spite of the fact that Shakespeare likewise utilized ladylike men to represent the qualities given to men were additionally bound to certain social study, he concentrated more on the jobs ladies played, or were not socially nor by method of law permitted to play, during his time. Through the will, quality, temperances, and insightful brain of Portia to the will, pleasantness and profound requirement for endurance of Viola, Shakespea re grasps Androgyny and uncovered his own ladylike side for people in the future to investigate and women's activists to investigate. Robert Kimbrough, in his 1982 paper: Androgyny Seen Through Shakespeares Disguise, gives a few meanings of Androgyny. The definition generally fitting to the contemporary time is, Androgyny is the limit of a solitary individual of either sex to exemplify the full scope of human character attributes, in spite of social endeavors to render some solely ladylike and some only manly 1. Some accept bisexuality is a common dream and out of reach, yet through basic difference in institutional and social organizationsit can be accomplished. How does Shakespeare at that point open his crowd to bisexuality? What was his motivation for doing as such? A halfway answer could be that Shakespeare had confidence in all out balance for people and through characters in his plays he could assume the illegal restrictions of sexual orientation crossing inside his social society. Sex doesn't rise to sexual orientation. Through Anthropology we realize that each culture has their own Modal Cultural Personality definition, one for the male and one for the female. Modular Personality is static in nature and credits ladies and men certain jobs. Ladies accomplish womens work and men do mens work,â for model. This was essential for crude society to endure yet marks of disgrace of these job prerequisites wait still today. Ladies are still socially required to look beautiful, wear make-up, smell decent, be prudent, protective, genuine, ladylike, demonstrate next to zero manly qualities, and the terrifically significant nurturer. Shakespeare utilized Portia and Violas characters to free ladies from one certain arrangement of trademark attributes by widening their human trademark characteristics through their male camouflages. It could be said at that point, Portia and Viola are freed from the limits of the fitting 1. Portia and viola are both mindful of the social posing of men. Each is exceptionally mindful so as to shroud her actual self. In The Merchant of Venice, Portia devises a plan to ensure her riches, status and influence she has gotten acclimated with affection. She utilizes deceit to get what she needs at long last which is two additions; insurance of her status, riches and influence and she winds up the courageous woman. Portia is mindful so as not to uncover her knowledge to the men in the play until she has finished her assignments. An English lady during this timespan would probably not have acted the way Portia acted. Shakespeare changes Portias character, from the outset appearance, a ruined rich womanto a savvy, confident female. Social and verifiable setting of the play EssayI prithee, and Ill compensation thee bounteously, Cover me what I am, and be my guide For such camouflage as haply will turn into The type of my expectation. This permits Viola to find herself on a more profound level. Kimbrough presents Violas self-revelation as increasingly evidence of hermaphrodism. Talking about a particular scene in Twelfth Night, he clarifies that valid for heart as we, implies mankind causingâ the word we to turn out to be genuinely gender ambiguous 1. Viola can shed any hint of sexual orientation, she is neither manly nor ladylike. The whole play revolves around the subject that character is befuddling. Shakespeare utilizes Festes character to introduce the possibility that personality can be confounding. Shakespeare was disclosing to us that the very substance of character is in our brain. Bonos kicks the bucket, Sir Toby. For, as the old recluse of Prague, that never observed pen and ink, cleverly said To a niece of King Gorboduc, That that is, is; so I, Being expert Parson, am Master Parson; for what is that yet that, and is yet is? With Festes lines, Shakespeare gives his crowd parody as well as he allegorically contemplates the possibility of character and sexual orientation. Bisexuality was insubordinately an energy of Shakespeare, as we have seen. Through his utilization of masks, Shakespeare had the option to introduce his audiencesthen and nowwith significant sex gives that were clearly route comparatively radical. He was an ace of twofold implications and making climates that he could drive focuses home from inside. He made solid female characters to show female marks of disgrace of his time. Shakespeare ought to be viewed as one of the originators of women's activist perspectives. He had confidence in correspondence among the genders. His freedom of ladies through masks gives us such a great amount of knowledge to the climate of the occasions with respect to sex and womens jobs in the public arena. Ladies are as yet battling these equivalent society forced attributes and the main arrangement is to get as near hermaphrodism as a general public without surrendering our own personalities. We should dispose of sex predisposition and center as one entire unitits what Shakespeare needed.

Filipino film essays

Filipino film articles The film was incredible! Great determinations of characters. The story line was breathtaking, you could even say its truly occurring here in our nation, Philippines. The manner in which the chief set up it, the groupings, the peak and all that is only certain to catch the eyes of the crowds. The pretend was likewise one thing I know and I can say for a reality that they fit each and every character in the film. Indeed, even Jericho Rosales! This is the absolute first time I saw him act normally, I mean of all the job he had been through its everything over acting yet this time he did well I can say. Angelica? Goodness! I knew it from the absolute first time I saw her from her past exposures she can be hot as of what she did in this brilliant demonstration. She overwhelmed every one of her crowds with her new show up, at any rate I am! Damn how I want to be Jericho! I mean just in the film OK. Hes not that of an early showing icon for me. As of the others they all progressed admirably , I mean they without a doubt made each move of the fundamental cast simple. When youre doing a venture like that with Johnny Delgado and Cherry Pie Picache that must be something right? You recognize what I mean. What more would i be able to state, this film had truly caught my internal soul for it is truly something. For the time being a day you cant truly get qualities and all that from simply any film. You see this magnum opus of Laurice guillen truly has such a significant number of qualities and thoughts to impart to the crowds. Glancing now in this lifetime individuals simply go busting people groups life coz their loaded with adverse feelings. Our childhood had quite recently gone wild with out realizing who is it they truly need to turn upward to. As I have watched, this film shows that a person simply return to whom they should give commendation, serve and obey when their so frantic enough to get what they need. Without looking how hard our Lord experiences the transgressi ons he didnt even submit. Thus what do individuals do if their long so wishes aren ... <!

Digital Transformation What, Why And How

Digital Transformation What, Why And How © Shutterstock.com | WichyIn this article, we dive deep in the topic of Digital Transformation and explore this topic within four parts: 1) What is Digital Transformation, 2) Development Process, Catalysts and Inhibitors of Digital Transformation, 3) How is Digital Transformation taking place, and 4) Examples of Digital Transformation.WHAT IS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONDigital Transformation: A definitionDigital Transformation is a term that is used to refer to those changes that are linked to the application and use of digital technology in every aspect of human society and living. Digital Transformation is the third stage or step in the process of embracing technologies, the first being digital competence and the second being digital literacy. If this term had to be described even briefly, then ‘going paperless’ would be the easiest definition.The process of digital transformation not just affects businesses but also many other segments of society including art, science, mass commu nication, government, and education.The Key Elements of Digital TransformationThere is a total of three core or key elements that contribute towards successful starting and development of the process of digital transformation, and they are given below. © Flickr | AltimeterGroup Elements © Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 1Vision and leadership Digital transformation has still not been identified as a formal effort by most businesses and thus businesses need proper vision and leadership to get this process into motion. © Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 2Digital customer experience This element is not related to guesswork but is rather about the research of customer behavior, personality, and expectations. Digital transformation can only take place when one is armed with this information. © Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 3The Digital Transformation team Organizations create special teams to start bringing the process of digital transformation into motion. These teams are often called digital circles and rapid innovation teams, etc.Digital Transformation StatisticsThere are several facts and statistics about Digital Transformation and its importance for modern companies. Some of the statistics are below:In the year 2014, about 88% of digital strategists and executives stated that their business or company was going through a formal digital transformation effort.Only about 25% of these businesses through had planned out a digital customer journey as a part of the digital transformation process.Also, about 90% of the businesses lacked needed and suitable digital skills.About 42% of the strategists were found to state that they have not done a research on the customer journey but were making an investment in new digital channels and methods.Now, about 17% of the digit al leaders are in the process of studying the digital customer journey.About 27% of the senior executives of firms believe that using digital transformation is not a choice but a matter of survival.The amount of data that is now being stored digitally keeps doubling every 18 months.Only one out of three marketers thinks and believes that their business is very proficient in digital marketing.By 2015, about 90% of jobs will need information and communication technology-related skillsA whopping 93% of marketers are now making use of social media for enhancing their image, selling products and getting in touch with customers.It is a fact that 62% people across the world are more likely to engage with brands that club social media content into their properties. 70+ Digital Transformation Statistics from SantokuPartnersDIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, CATALYSTS, AND INHIBITORSThe Journey to Digital Transformation in Three StepsDigitally reactive -This step is about the t actical delivery of digital and the model that is the core system of any online business.Digitally strategic This is a much bigger step and makes use of digital from the starting. It makes use of things like big data and the services and products sold remain the same while changes are long lasting.Digitally transformational This step is the innovation of business that allows one to understand how much technology can allow you to do. This step if implemented properly can help businesses stay relevant.Catalysts and InhibitorsCatalysts:Digital Ethnography -This is one catalyst that enables one to focus on the new customer journey and, therefore, promotes the process of digital transformation.Digital Darwinism -This catalyst means that companies now have no option but to adapt to new technology and digital channels.Behavioral economics This catalyst means that digital methods tend to open up newer touch points for businesses these days, thereby enhancing profits and reaching goals.Le aders Lead This is yet another catalyst that says that empowerment top-down and when clubbed with internal collaboration can help the process of digital transformationInhibitors:Education Without proper knowledge and education among executives and workers, no company can successfully work its way towards digital transformation. Thus the lack of it can prove to be an inhibitor.Tunnel vision Having a restricted vision can also be an inhibitor to development and growth and all executives, especially the senior ones need to have a proper and open vision.Cause-effect Most businesses do not have any dedicated resources for spending on technology, and this is a major inhibitor on the path of digital changes or transformation. Without investing a good deal of money on a change as big as digital transformation, a firm cannot expect to grow.Data paralysis With the lack of data and insight on a number of matters, firms fail to work together as a collaborated effort. An actionable insight is needed along with a common vision across all levels of a business. © Flickr | AltimeterGroupWHY DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IS SO IMPORTANTImportance and Benefits of Digital TransformationAccording to a recent study conducted by a specialist research company called Altimeter group, the companies and businesses which invested in new people, processes and technologies to compete in the digital markets saw much greater profits and market share. This report was conducted and published to enable digital strategists to plan their next steps for investments in this area. This report points out to the top 5 benefits or points of importance of Digital Transformation. These are performance orientated benefits and show that digital transformation is proven to increase productivity and helps companies enhance customer experience.Lift in customer engagement (75%) One of the first and most important benefits of Digital Transformation is that it leads to a great lift in customer engagement and experience. Through online channels and communication with customers, any business can get closer to what the customers think, want and how their decisions are influenced. By using digital channels, companies tend to make processes of sales and marketing more web-based which directly puts them in contact with their customers, making them real all of a sudden.Improved customer satisfaction (63%) With the world getting more and more inclined towards using technology, not just for searching and educating themselves but also comparing products and services, it is only natural that a business that is more digitally inclined will be better appreciated. By transforming business activities through digital channels, a business can attain what most are always in the pursuit of customer satisfaction. Only with customer satisfaction can a business retain important consumers and move towards better profitability, thus reaching their ultimate goal.Higher digital traffic (53%) As you move your business and its activities to digital channels, you will observe that a lo t of your clients and customers too would start responding to you on these channels. For example, if you run a website for your business, showcasing its products and services, you will observe a higher digital traffic and response rate. Most consumers look online for desired products and services, and digital transformation holds the key to attracting and retain new and existing customers respectively.Increased Lead Generation (49%) Another very significant benefit of Digital transformation is an increase in Lead Generation. Lead Generation is a term used to refer to the generation of consumer or customer interest and inquiry into the products and services of a business. As you introduce yourself to digital mediums, number of people and a larger percentage of the target audience would be able to reach you, and a greater degree of interest would be generated. It is a fact that lead generation is an important aspect for all businesses and can lead eventually to greater profits. Thus, this gives you another reason to adopt the Digital Transformation concept and apply it more religiously.Greater conversions (46%) Have you ever noticed that a lot of customers may approach you, and only a small percentage of them may purchase your services or products? This simply means that the conversion rate of your consumers is low. But by adopting Digital transformation, this rate can go up, thereby leading to more sales and hence more profit. Digital transformation enables you to market your products to a greater audience and retain their interest through several methods. This thereby leads to a greater conversion.HOW IS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION TAKING PLACEHow to Transform Three Key Areas1.     Transformation of Customer ExperienceIn order for Digital transformation to take place, it is very important to transform the whole customer experience. For this purpose, businesses have started to take advantage of previous investment in systems to understand market segments and speci fic demographics betters. Some ways in which businesses are transforming customer experiences include:Exploration of social media to understand customer de-satisfaction and satisfaction.Promotion of brands through digital mediaBuilding of new online communities to build loyalty with clients.Building products that improve branding in lifestyle communities.Building analytic capabilities to get to know customers more in detail.Usage of technology to improve in-person sales communication.Integration of customer purchase data to offer better and personalized sales and customers services.Service companies now offer self-service through digital toolsUsage of mobile apps2.     Transformation of Operational ProcessesThe transformation of the internal process or operational processes of a business is also very important, although the change in customer experience may seem more exciting.Process Digitization: Some businesses now are going beyond the method of automation to enable themselves to refocus on more strategic tasks. Many new types of technologies are continuing this trend of getting benefits beyond efficiency because going digital often reduces the need for shipping physical prototypes in both directions, thus reducing the lifestyle of product development by about 30%.Worker enablement: With the increasing use of collaboration tools, email and video conferencing etc., employees can now contact with clients and customers who they have never met or in areas they never visit. Digital transformation replaces one-way communication mediums to broad communication methods as it has many tools that can virtualize individual work.Performance management: Digital transactional systems offer business executives more knowledge of regions, customers and products thus making it possible to make decisions on real data and not just assumptions. Managers can now compare status across several sites and adjust product manufacturing capacity.3.     Transformation of Business ModelsBe sides transformation of operational processes and customer experiences, Digital Transformation is also about the transformation of business models. Companies are now finding ways to club physical and digital offerings and using digital methods to share information across company silos. They are now building service wrappers on traditional products and using others ways to bring about major changes in their business schemes. It won’t be wrong to say that a digital globalization is taking place in the world as when digital technology is clubbed with integrated information, global synergies are gained. Global shared services make way for better flexibility and reduce risk.As far as local managers are concerned, the concept of digital transformation works beautifully. For them, the difficulty of centralization is balanced by efficiency benefits and capability to concentrate more on strategic activities. With the means of centralized data, now the local managers can get a broader view of the business.How Can You Make your Digital Journey More Successful?In order to make your digital transformation journey more successful, an iterative three-step process can be followed. This process is:Step 1.     Incorporate the digital future in the vision of your companyMost of the digital transformation efforts fail because their vision is not at all transformative. The real transformation cannot take place at the bottom but has to take place at the top. One has to see across silos to see the real value of transformation. Companies have to identify and diagnose the strategic assets which include:Sales forcePoint of sale and distribution channelsProduct and contentProduct innovationCustomer knowledgeCulturePartnership networkBrandSuccessful digital transformation takes place when on envisions new ways which digital technology enhances customer and performance satisfaction. But one must not just focus on technology but rather on different methods of using it.Step 2.     Make in vestments in digital initiatives and SkillsThere can be no digital transformation without investment. But it is very necessary to identify the need for managing risk; investment and making required changes for capitalize on the change. The first step in this process is to find the right skills and invest in them. Yes, finding right skills is a big challenge, but companies must remember that it is often better and simpler to hire vendors than to hire people with right skills. But the coordination of these vendors then becomes highly important. To jumpstart the change, outsiders can be helpful but even insiders can do a good job. Some companies believe that using senior insiders in roles that require coordination is very helpful. But, on the other hand, some companies also found that it was easier to move junior level good employees in roles that required energy and enthusiasm.Step 3.     Change the vision from the topIf the vision of the top level executives of a firm is not reinforc ed through communication and action, then it will not translate to local level action. The change has to be led from the top, and this requires right incentives, right coordination, consistent engagement and KPIs.Communication holds the key to reducing the resistance of an organization and for bringing about effective change. People, as compared to any technology are a much bigger issue in reaching successful transformation. This is why it is important to communicate digital vision from the very top and at the very beginning itself. This will keep the entire organization engaged and in the loop. Use emails, social networking tools and video conferencing to make this possible rather than using traditional tools. The right kind of leadership and governance too forms an important part of this process because, without it, the ambition cannot be put into working motion. Once the goal has been communicated, the leader must then explain a set of ambitions and goals for executives to reach. Now KPIs must be used to constantly monitor progress. A transparent set of metrics help to monitor actions and thus makes it easier to reach goals.EXAMPLES OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONOne of the best examples of a company that embraced and created magic with digital transformation is Starbucks. Not only has this company managed to engage customers through social media but also bridged the online and offline customer experience.Another good example is Nespresso, which engages customers via its website, through mobile, at airport vending machines, and this has helped it to get better sales productivity and greater penetration into new markets.Some other beautiful examples of businesses using digital transformation to its best include Marriott, T-Mobile US, and many others.Image credit: Flickr | AltimeterGroup Elements, Flickr | AltimeterGroup, Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 1, Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 2, and Flickr | AltimeterGroup Element 3 under Attribution 2.0 Generic.

What Its Like Being a Chemist

Have you ever wondered what its like being a chemist? Here, real chemists share their job experience, including the pros and cons of working in chemistry. I asked chemists to address the following questions  about the career so that someone thinking about becoming a chemist could make an informed decision. What type of chemist are you?What do you do as a chemist?What is the best/worst part of your job?What training did you need? Was it easy/difficult to find a job as a chemist?Are you happy being a chemist? Why?What advice would you give someone interested in chemist? Keep in mind, some respondents come from non-English-speaking countries. The poll was taken in 2014. Here are their answers: thinking about change major I am coming from top 5 Chinese university and I did internship at senior year. I am a synthesis intern. From what I learned, there are a lot of jobs in the market, many new pharm companies. But the problem is the payment is very low (3k RMB in Nanjing. too low to survive in the city, but the company is in the poor area of the city, living standards are low) and the working condition is really bad, and working hours are long. One group member left the company because of health reasons, the doc warned him. I applied to US school then. It is nice to study aboard with stipend, but it is not enough to live in the city. It seems like chem job in US is impossible, and I certainly dont wanna go back china to work in chem job. So I am thinking about changing majors to biostatistics, CS or business. really struggling now. —chineseStudent 2014 and the job market is still bad. So many of the chemistry jobs are low paid contract positions with no job security. Most chemistry majors are not working in a lab or even in science. They are managers, sales people, regulatory, etc. In many companies at some point you are deemed too old to be working in a lab and no one will hire you, and the branding of too old is now about 35 years old. Sometimes even younger. Or you have low paid new grads as lab techs to do all the actual lab work while you sit in meetings all day and work 60 hour weeks. And businesses are all about profit and market share, not actual RD or science. Its sad sad sad.... —Unemployed/Underemployed Found a Job I have graduated from a university with a Bsc in Chemistry in 2013. After four months, I was able to find a job although not a good pay but I still want to continue with chemistry related job because am working as a Petroleum Officer. I am looking forward to develop my career in chemistry as I aspire to be a Chemical Engineer. —Sulayman Camara Life ruined I studied hard for 8 years straight only to find that there are absolutely no jobs anywhere. Ive been applying for jobs as a chemist for the last 3 years and havent found anything, Im still in debt from school loans and wonder why I ever went into this field. I now work 2 jobs, one at burger king and another shoveling dog sh** at a kennel. I cry myself to sleep most nights. —My life is over Poor choice of career My suggestion to anyone want to get into this field is STAY AWAY from chemistry. I graduated with a MS in chemistry back in 2007 and worked in several chem and pharma companies. I can tell you that 90% of people I worked with, including me regretted going into this field and I have yet met a person likes working with chemicals. Chemistry is over-saturated and underpaid. As an analytical chemist you will get around 30k to 45k. if you have a PhD and dont mind risk you life to work with explosive chemical reactions then you can get 45K to 70K. The reality is that there are just too many candidates available in the job market and many of them are PhD. There are no job security in this field. Many big company already moved their RD and manufacturing facility to Asia and they rarely offer perm position to technical positions. Ive seen too many people ordered to leave the company without a minute notice because they are on contract. —Peter L Tough but worked out so far I recently received my Ph.D. in organic chemistry (top 35 school). I had to work very hard for a long time including a 1 year industrial post doc. Now I work at the same company as a process chemist synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients. The pay is 80,000 and I love my job. It was very hard to find a job after my Ph.D. and I sent resumes all over the country. I love my job now and have even received calls from recruiters for other job opportunities. I think the job market is competitive and the supply is greater than the demand at the BS/MS level. I had a low paying temp job with my BS in chemistry before I decided to go to grad school. I think if your going to work as a chemist get your Ph.D. The work is more interesting and the pay is better. Also there are so many BS/MS chemists one of the best ways to beat the competition is to get your PhD. BS/MS chemists use to have more opportunity for advancement but now the job market seems saturated with them. —Organic chemist Graduate in 2004 I love chemistry. Its really fun and challenging, but only in terms of theories...working in lab sucks! long hours sometimes until midnight depends on experiment...underpaid...but thats not the main concern...I realize my health deteriorate significantly...lab work makes me dizzy. —K No jobs As a synthetic organic chemist with a PhD, 4 patents and a bunch of papers, 15 years of research, I am now a self-employed cleaner in Melbourne, Australia. If I had completed pharmacy, instead of doing my PhD, and wasting my time in medicinal chemistry I would be having a job now with at least some chemistry. —Ada Just got laid off, again! I got a job working in a chemistry lab, entry level Research Associate, early this year. Just got a pink slip and was told my last day is May 28th. I graduated in 2008 and I have gone through a series of odd jobs, low paying gigs, just to get by. Chemistry is the worst degree you can get, so much time and effort spent in class for nothing. If I knew I was gonna be jobless pursuing science, I would have taken a lighter route and studied business instead. All these undergraduate students running around blogging about the marvelous potential of chemistry career, parroting corporate propaganda is very annoying. I hope younger chemists can learn from older chemists mistakes and take a different approach to choosing careers. —Jobless Chemist If you havent finished, you dont know. Anyone who is still an undergrad is not qualified to speak on the state of the industry. You dont know what its like, so stop acting like you do. We all liked chemistry in our undergrad years, but the reality of chemistry very different. You all think its fun and challenging when your experiments arent working because youre learning. If someone is paying for your research and youre under pressure to perform, its not fun to fail. You spend most of your time writing grants, reading papers and getting walked over. When youre not doing that, youre dealing with idealistic students telling you Chemistry is for smart intelligent people -- there are no limits to what you can do! Education, skill, and ambition. Use it. You dont know, so shut up. I cant wait until you get into the real world and are back head posting the same stuff as everyone else. —Be quiet students chemistry is leaving the states I graduated with a BS in chemistry with a 3.89 gpa in 2010. I struggled to find a job. Everyone said I didnt have enough experience. I only had one interview and I got lucky they offered it to me as I was leaving the interview. I made 51K last year. My company just bought a lab overseas in India. They are opening a lab that does the exact same thing that we do but the cost will be a 1/3 of ours. I applied to a MBA program in the fall. Even though I love science and chemistry I just dont think there is a future in the USA for it. —wvchemist Its not a place for a career I am a recent graduate with an undergraduate degree in chemistry. Unlike most I was fortunate that during my summers I worked in a commercial analytical laboratory. It was miserable, no one seemed to enjoy themselves and many were looking for other avenues of employment. I personally struggled with it myself. It had approximately 20 employees 10 of whom Im still great friends with of those ten five remained and five returned to school for something unrelated or medical professions. I myself saw the job prospects early and balked, after discussing with my family I decided to go back and do my MBA I start in about a month and a half and my job prospects look infinitesimally larger, Ive already had a family friend offer me a well paid position upon graduation. To all those suggesting its easy to find a job its not. Chemistry is merely a stepping stone and Id never advocate doing a Chemistry degree and stopping there. Many of my friends who are also graduating are following my route. —Donewithchem Still cant find a job I am a fairly recent graduate (2010) with a BSc in Chemistry. I cannot get a job in Chemistry to save my life, despite having been trying continually for the last two years. I do have a job as a Radiological Controls Technician at a Naval shipyard, which pays decently and is a stable job, but I would much rather be working as a chemist. I love science and dont care about money, and chemistry is a great field. It breaks my heart to read all these posts from people working as lab techs whining about low pay and poor job security. I would do anything to be in their shoes! Anyways, I guess what I am trying to say advice-wise is this: dont go into chemistry if youre out to make money, because there isnt any to be made. —Aspiring Chemist Working as a Research Chemist I finished a PhD recently, and am now in a post-doctoral position. Furthermore, I am in Australia, and I notice that in this place we tend to get paid substantially more as Postdocs than in many other countries, such as the US. I have thoroughly enjoyed the whole research process, and the process of putting together journal articles for publication. I can understand that for those in industrial settings, the job market can be particularly volatile. The situation in academia is not much better if you are not able to come up with novel research and dedicate the time necessary to put out high-impact articles. However, personally, I enjoy the intellectual stimulation and I will try to do as much as I can for as long as I can. —OxathiazoleChemist MD BS BIOCHEMISTRY 1968, NO JOB OFFERS SO WENT TO GRAD SCHOOL, THEN NO JOB SO WENT TO MED SCHOOL...MANY PHYSICIANS WERE CHEMISTS, OR BIOCHEMISTS , NO JOBS SO MEDICINE IS A GOOD ENDPOINT FOR A CHEMIST....TRY TO ALSO GET PRE MED COURSES DONE AS PREREQUIRED. MY DAD WAS ALSO A CHEMIST BS BERKELEY, ENDED UP WORKING FOR THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA IN WATER POLLUTION REGULATION... SO CHEMISTRY IS JUST THE FIRST STEP, YOUR FINAL CAREER IS SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT, BUT THE CHEMISTRY BACKGROUND PERMITS YOUR ABILITY TO ENTER ANOTHER FIELD. BEST OF LUCK, ROBIN TRUMBULL,MD —DRTRUMBULL Other Options I have a BSc honours in physical chemistry. After struggling to get a job in the field, I eventually found a job writing and developing high school science resources. I am loving my job and get paid well. Yes, the job market sucks and it is a harsh environment but if you love it, stick with it. So my advice would be to consider other things that use your knowledge. And I would strongly urge all prospective chemists to learn about technology and learn to program or major in both computer science and chemistry. That really widens your field of possible jobs. Chemistry is not dead, we just need to get with the program and adapt to the brave new world of technology. There is so much more we can still do with this incredible and fascinating field but we need to accept that technology is part of it now. —Heather Forget about It! Just another voice to add to the choir from a mid-career PhD. If you are interested in chemistry and it is your passion, by all means pursue it as a hobby. But dont expect to make a career out of it, gain respect, and/or provide adequately and steadily for a family. —Forget about it! chemistry sucks I have a Bsc in Chemistry and still can not find a decent job, if I had known better I would never have majored in chemistry. —annoyed chemist Senior Chemist Quality and Quality assurance chemist last 20 years. I am working in petrochemical companies as a technical consult as well as QC QA and R D departments in sophisticated laboratory. —Mohammed Iqbal Job Market is Terrible I graduated last year with a BS in Chemistry with a 3.8 GPA, and so far for a year straight Ive been looking for a decent paying job that pays more than my current job. So far its a no go....beginning to get frustrated, and may just go back and get my PhD in Chemical Engineering. With student loan companies wanting their money, and no jobs to be found, thats about my only choice. —Aphyd Dont bother at all. Chemistry is dead I am a chemist, I have a B.S. and an M.S. with thesis from one of the top schools in this country (consistently ranked #1 for its masters program). I have worked at a multinational and I can tell you that chemistry is dead. If you are in school, study engineering or computer science. Do not waste your time. People do not appreciate chemistry. The value is on engineering or computer programming. The era of materials and chemistry-driven research on a scale to support newly graduates or mid-career individuals is over. I have been laid off two to three times and thats with awards, patents, publications, etc. from these companies. The bottom line is that its all about applied science (engineering) or computers (programming). I have over 5 years of experience and I would tell you not do it. Its wasteful. —wish I knew better Not a good career at all. Well as of 2012 I can say that I have actually been offered jobs, however they paid around 35-40k a year. On the other hand my part-time job that I had as an undergraduate is paying me now as full time 50-65k at a manufacturing plant (last year I made 50k and only worked 9 months). I have been looking for a job that will pay 50k and have steady day hours, so far its a fail. I dont know if I will ever find such job. When I talk to my undergraduate friends who are working in chem it is clear that I am doing much better than they are. Dont go into chemistry, from what I hear grad school is a waste of time for most people too. —2010 Graduate working as a chemist Hi, Chemistry is a very interesting subject to study. All branches of Chemistry are more or less related to one another, so the more you know, the better you understand. As for jobs, it all depends on what one likes best. Personally, I was lucky to work in the marketing of Chemicals to industry. Here the sky is the limit because Chemicals find use in so many industries. See how many Chemicals are used in the paint industry as an example. Blending scientific background with modern management practices is a formula for success. —a.haddad Student vs Working Perspective Ill remind the student that there is a big difference between sitting in a classroom, being amazed by the possibilities of chemistry and actually attempting to make a living from it. The negativity comes from those who ARE in the field APPLYING chemistry. Notice the title of this thread Working as a Chemist? We all loved our undergrad years, but the simple fact is that the industrial chemistry profession in the U.S. actually decreased by 2% according to the ACS. When you get a job, work for years, survive waves of layoffs and the get told youre overqualified for much of anything out there, come back to the thread and let us know how you coped with it all. Most of us were as optimistic about this profession as any undergrad. Then we graduated into reality. —WorkingChemist Chemistry I graduated with my BS chemistry in 2007 started out as production chemist around $50,000. I chose to go back and get my MS Chemistry while working (employer payed most of it) and in 2011 I graduated and took a new job as a process chemist at $85,000. I love my job, it is fast paced and steady. I have seen very little turn around in chemists, but lab techs come and go pretty quick. Overall I would definitely recommend it as a profession. Only big downside is there are not many women chemists on the industrial side, and at any plant/ refinery safety is always a slight compromise. —MS Chemist very happy to say i am a chemist Really i am very happy to say I am a chemist, i have faced so many problems to stand as a chemist in a field of chemical. I think that chemistry is evergreen. —swathi Chemistry was a waste of money for me I wanted to post here just so that people can read, understand, and hopefully not make the same mistakes I did. I graduated with a BS degree in 2005 and even STILL am battling constant layoffs and unemployment. Its really a horrible economy out there for us Chemists. I decided against Graduate school because I just didnt have the passion for it. I worked low paying job after job and gained a lot of industry experience. At the beginning I thought that I would just work my way up, but after about 7 years Im unemployed yet again after being laid off. At every job Im always thought of highly, wow youre the best temp weve ever had It doesnt matter I still get laid off and not hired. Whatever you do do not major in chemistry, and if you are considering graduate school unless you can get into one of the best, say f*** it. I repeat its a sh*tty career and job. —ChemDude contractor Would you please add another loser chemist here? With PhD in polymer chemistry as well as 2 years of postdoc. What I can do is short contract as a technician. BTW, I have no way to renew my membership of chemistry. —yoho chemistry and good jobs? It was a great punishment that God gave to me_BSc Chemistry. chemistry! chemistry!! —oli Has worked out for me I have a BS in chemistry and started my first job as a process chemist in 2005 making $42,000/yr. From 2007-2010 I did QC work for the same company. I took a job with a different company in 2011 and have been doing primarily ingredient preparation. For me, this consists of formulation, production of different blends, syntheses, and some minor mechanical maintenance. Counting bonuses, I grossed over $70,000 in 2011. I have worked under PhD chemists who make 6 figures a year. My short term objective at this point is to obtain my MS in chemistry. I have applied for Fall 2012 semester and will find out my acceptance status in May 2012. Obviously, due to the job market, employment will be tight but that is true for most job types. Some people will find success and others will not. This should go without saying. —Chemist81 Dead end career I have 15 years of synthetic chemistry experience, including process development and medicinal chemistry, I am published and have numerous patents. Our chemistry department was cut and outsourced. I now work as an analytical chemist, treated like a slave for 2/3 of what I used to make, in a job that is not intellectually stimulating in any way. I was lucky to get a job of any sort, synthetic jobs are impossible to find unless you want to move to India or China. My former coworkers have struggled to get interviews and are still unemployed. I agree with the poster that stated chemistry is dead in the USA. —formersyntheticchemist Chemistry is powerless Chemists are indeed smart but businesses treat them like very smart fools. The person just saying chemists can get a job anywhere clearly has no idea how the job market works. The only way a chemist can switch careers is to go back to school which is financially difficult or hide their degree and take a blue collar job. I took the police exam because at this point that would be a huge improvement. Many chemists like myself are trapped and unable to escape the never ending abuse and exploitation by companies who treat them worse than unskilled labor. —MSChemist *There was not space here for all the responses submitted by chemists, but I have posted additional replies on my personal blog, so you may read them all  and post your own opinion.

Should Prostitution Be Legalized - 1283 Words

Prostitution or commercial sex has always been a heavily debated topic around the world. The world’s oldest profession dating back to ca. 2400 BCE has been considered degrading for the dignity of a women and the feminist community. Critics claim that legalisation of prostitution can result in violence against women, human trafficking, exploitation etc. However, data collected from nations such as Germany and New Zealand, where the profession of commercialized sex is legalized, reports an utterly contrary results. Citizens of Canada need to develop a positive mentality towards prostitution and sex workers as legalization has been accomplished in the House of Commons. Prostitution needs’ to be legalized around the world due to multiple†¦show more content†¦These critics dispute that legalization of prostitution will amplify the amount of violence, however, this misconception develops due to their negative attitude towards prostitution. Nevertheless, society needs to understand that certain individuals are portraying a negative idea of commercial sex therefore it’s important to disregard the negativity and focus towards evidence. Furthermore, many religious groups are against legalizing sexual work due to the law being contradictory to their beliefs. Religious groups such as Catholic Action in New Zealand are against sex work due to the job being involved in moral sins such as adultery, contraception and abortion (Patrick Goodenough). In respect with the beliefs of these holy groups, many individuals are victims of sexual abuse due to the large religious supporters of criminalizing prostitution. These factors lead the many countries illegalizing prostitution. Critics also argue that legalizing prostitution not only increases human trafficking but physical violence towards sex workers as well. Politician and feminist Dianne Yates oppose the bill that legalized prostitution in New Zealand because â€Å"it makes nice, clean brothels for men to use (Patrick Goodenough). Legalizing prostitution provides a better environment for men to engage in intercourse rather than protecting women. Also celebrity feminist suc h as Lena Dunham, Anne Hathaway

Rizal’s Life Free Essays

When the book starts, Ibarra is returning to the Philippines after a 7 year absence, and he is reunited with his lover, Maria Clara. He also learns the details of his father’s death, which was caused by one of his father’s political opponents in his home town of Binondo, Manila. Father Damaso is one of the religious/political figures in Binondo who dislikes Ibarra’s dad. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now By accusing Ibarra’s dad of being a heretic, and by using the death of a local student to make him look bad, Father Damaso turned the community against Ibarra’s dad, and had him thrown in jail where he got sick and died. Ibarra’s father was disgraced further when his body was thrown into the lake while workers were transporting him between burial sites. After learning about the atrocities committed against his father, Ibarra does not seek revenge, but instead decides to build a school, which was something his father had always planned to do. By building the school, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra shows that he is genuinely concerned about the education and welfare of the Filipino people, because he puts the political squabbling aside in order to help the community. Ibarra is nearly assassinated at the school’s opening celebrations, but he is saved by a man named Elias. After the assassination attempt, Ibarra is thrown into jail for a crime that he did not commit. Elias again assists Ibarra by helping him escape from prison. As they are absconding in a boat, Ibarra hides under some leaves. Elias jumps into the water in an attempt to fool the guards, but his plan fails and he is shot by the guards and left for dead. Since the guards think that they shot Ibarra, they cease their pursuit of the boat he is hiding on, and he escapes unharmed. Reflection Base on my reflection the book Noli Me Tangre is about the problems and injustices experienced by the fictional character, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra. All of the problems he experiences are brought about by corrupt officials in the Spanish government of his home town. And he revenge because for the death of his father. Insights One of Jose Rizal’s goals in writing the story was to bring attention to the corruption present in the Spanish controlled government of the Philippines. Noli Me Tangre exposed corruption, created widespread controversy, and gave native Filipinos a sense of unity. Even until now there still a corruption that we experiencing resulting of difficulty and poverty in life and in our country. Hope that there might a solution of this corrupt country. El Filibusterismo Simoun, a mysterious and powerful jeweller who is in good graces with the Captain General plots a coup d’ etat against the Spanish colonial government. He secretly abets the abuses committed against the natives in the hope of stirring them to rise up in revolt. To weaken the regime, he encourages corruption, using his immense wealth to foment injustice and provoke massive unrest. Unknown to all, Simoun is Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, a man who had been wrongfully accused of rebellion and condemned in a plot instigated by his enemies including a friar who had unchaste feelings for his fiancee, Maria Clara. Everybody thought Ibarra had been killed as a fugitive, but in truth he had escaped, enriched himself abroad and has returned to the Islands to avenge himself. He plans to take Maria Clara who, believing Ibarra is dead, had entered the convent. In the course of his plans, Simoun comes into contact with young idealistic Filipinos whom he wants to enlist to his cause. One of these is Basilio, one of the few who know his secret. He had been adopted by Kapitan Tiyago, a wealthy landowner and father of Maria Clara. Basilio is about to graduate as doctor of medicine and plans to marry Huli, his childhood sweetheart. Huli is the daughter of Kabesang Tales, a homesteader who had been dispossessed of his lands by the friars. Turned outlaw, Kabesang Tales and other victims of injustice have been enlisted by Simoun in his plan to overthrow the government. Another student, Isagani, dreams of a progressive future for his country but his fiancee, Paulita, who shares his aunt Dona Victorina’s prejudices against the natives, is not interested in them. Simoun’s plot is aborted when he learns that Maria Clara had died at the convent. Student leaders who have been advocating the opening of an academy for the teaching of the Spanish language hold a party where they lampoon the friars. The next day, posters are found encouraging sedition, and those suspected of involvement are arrested, including Basilio. His foster father having died, obody intercedes for him, while the rich and influential are released. Meanwhile, Huli is killed in the church after she had sought the help of the parish priest for the release of Basilio. Due to this tragedy, her grandfather, Tandang Selo, joins the outlaws. Embittered by Maria Clara’s death, Simoun plans another coup to be staged at the wedding reception for Paulita, who has been engaged to another man: top government officials including the Captain general who are to attend would be blown away, the house being planted with explosives which will be detonated by a a device hidden in the lamp given as gift by Simoun to the newlyweds. Basilio, who has been released and now wants to take revenge is ordered by Simoun to lead in the uprising. At the appointed hour, the guests are terrified upon reading a note signed by Juan Crisostomo Ibarra; his signature is recognized by Father Salvi, the friar who lusted after Maria Clara. Before the lamp could explode, Isagani, who has been warned by Basilio about the plot, barges in and throws the lamp into the river. Isagani escapes. The uprising again fails to take off, and the armed followersof Simoun, deprived of leadership or devoid of vision, resort to banditry. The lawlessness that reigns in the countrysides leads to harsh measures by the government in its efforts to show it is in control. The plot at the wedding is finally traced to Simoun who escapes into a house near the ocean. After taking poison, he confesses to father Florentino, a Filipino priest, who tells him: â€Å"What is the use of independence if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow? † After the death of Simoun, Father Florentino throws his treasure into the sea. How to cite Rizal’s Life, Essay examples

King Lear And Edmund Essays - King Lear, Edmund, Royal Bastard

King Lear And Edmund In King Lear, the villainous but intelligent Edmund, with more than a brief examination into his character, has understandable motivations outside of the base purposes with which he might at first be credited. Edmund is a character worthy of study, as he seems to be the most socially complex character of the play. In a sense, he is both victim and villain. Edmund is introduced into the play in the opening scene with his father, Gloucester, stating that he acknowledges him as his son, but publicly mocking him for his bastardy. He is referred to by Gloucester as a reason for Gloucester to blush and as a"knave" in front of Kent (1.1.9-25). According to Claude J. Summers, "Illegitimacy is the characteristic which most pervasively defines Edmund's life" (225). In essence, this means that personal embarrassment and public humiliation are a continual torment for him his entire life. Concerning the illegitimate sons of royalty in England at that time, according to Chris Given-Wilson in The Royal Bastards of Medieval England, "The bend . . . or baton sinister . . . were used as the standard mark of illegitimacy" in their heraldry (52). Edmund and those like him, expected to serve in battle, were immediately known to other knights as being bastards because it was clearly emblazoned on their shields. Given his father's mocking of him, it can be expected that this was common treatment for illegitimate sons of nobility and the carrying of a sign to broadcast his perceived lower class would be cause for further humiliation. Edmund is a highly intelligent person. He is able to beguile his father, so it may be argued that he is more intelligent than Gloucester. With the concept of forging a letter supposedly penned by Edgar in order to cause his loyalty to be in question, he shows that he is deeply aware of the necessary "buttons" to push to cause a rift in the fabric of his family and A Look at Shakespeare's Edmund his society. It shows that he is capable of original and creative thought processes (1.2.28-36). When Edmund makes a show of hiding the letter from his father, then hesitating to show it to him further, he shows a deep understanding of human nature (1.2.38-47). Who would not be intrigued and desire to see it? Who would be capable of crediting him with the writing of the letter? Edmund has a keen understanding of human nature and an intelligence that excels that of his father. Edmund could certainly not be described as naive. Early in the play, we realize that his brother Edgar is just the opposite, though later he grows wiser due to necessity. In believing Edmund's lies that their father is angry with him to the point of accepting the advice to carry a sword around with him, he displays his poor judgment, eventually causing grave difficulties for himself and his father (1.2.164-83). In contrasting Edgar and Edmund, we can see that Edmund is clearly more world-wise and able to create situations to his own advantage. This lack of naivet? and clear thinking can be seen as a form of intelligence. He is able to easily trick his brother and is intelligent than Edgar. In comparing Goneril and Regan to Edmund, we find that Edmund is once again the more crafty and intelligent. By the end of the play we see that their plots are going to hinge on his course of action and that they are both doting on him. He has one willing to kill her husband and the other willing to give him all of her land and a title. Given their natures, it is almost a surprise that the author has not portrayed them as creatures similar to the witches in Mac Beth. Edmund knows who they are and it is doubtful they could be physically attractive to him, yet they choose to believe the sincerity of his overtures. His ability to dupe them shows him to be their superior. When Edmund covets Edgar's inheritance, it is not simply the coveting of land and title; it is a coveting of respect in the social order of his world. Edgar reveals not only his intentions, but also some of the reasoning behind them when he says Legitimate Edgar, I must have your land. Our father's love is to the bastard Edmond As to th'legitimate. Fine word, ?legitimate' Well, my legitimate, if this letter speed And my invention thrive, Edmond the base Shall to the'legitimate: I grow,

Crucible Newspaper Essays

Crucible Newspaper Essays Crucible Newspaper Paper Crucible Newspaper Paper The Salem Times ESTABLISHED 1684 WITCHCRAFT IN SALEM! SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS APRIL 11th, 1692 REVEREND PARRIS CLUTCHES HIS BEWITCHED DAUGHTER BETTY. DEMONS ON THE LOOSE BEtty Parris, daughter to Reverend Parris, fell ill last night with symptoms that speak to witchcraft. Betty lay inert in her bed, only to wake screaming for her late mother and attempting to fly out of her bedroom window. Doctor Griggs evaluation was witchcraft to the dismay of Rev. Parris. It is believed that he spotted Betty, her cousin Abigail, and many other girls dancing in the woods-one of them naked! They were chanting around a fire with Parriss maid Tituba! She may be questioned soon. Now poor Betty Parris is bewitched and the entire town of Salem fears for its life. WANTED! MAY 20th, 1692 PICTURED ABOVE LEFT TO RIGHT: ELIZABETH PROCTOR, REBECCA NURSE, MARTHA COREY, GILES COREY, SARAH GOOD MANY MORE HAVE BEEN ACCUSED AND ARE WANTED BY JUDGE DANFORTH WANTED FOR WITCHCRAFT Elizabeth Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, Martha and Giles Corey, and Sarah Good sound like the names of well-respected members of Salem. However, they and many others are anted for witchcraft. They have been accused by others in the community who suspect them of trucking with the devil. The accused will be arrested today and brought to the Jail where they will await their trial. Judge Danforth is quick with the pen on signing death warrants, to the dismay of the accused. Many fear that they too will be arrested and sent to Jail. No one is safe from Jail or witchcraft in Salem. JOHN PROCTOR A LECHER! COURTROOM MADNESS JUNE 28TH, 1692 John Proctor is a convicted lecher! A Salem Times source confirms that while in the ourtroom, Mr. Proctor divulged an alarming contession-ne is a lecher! He claimed to be romantically involved with Abigail Proctor, niece of Reverend Parris who began the witchcraft rumors in Salem. Proctor told Judge Danforth this to prove that Abigail accused Goody Proctor unjustly. To see if there was any proof to this statement, Danforth called in Elizabeth proctor from Jail and asked her if her husband was a lecher. She stated that he wasnt, contradicting her husbands confession. Proctor then erupted in a fit, startling everyone present in the courtroom.

Lord Stirling in the American Revolution

Lord Stirling in the American Revolution Early Career Born in 1726 in New York City, William Alexander was the son of James and Mary Alexander.   From a well-to-do family, Alexander proved a good student with an aptitude for astronomy and mathematics.   Completing his schooling, he partnered with his mother in a provisioning business and proved a gifted trader.   In 1747, Alexander married Sarah Livingston who was the daughter of the wealthy New York merchant Philip Livingston.   With the beginning of the French Indian War in 1754, he commenced service as a provisioning agent for the British Army.   In this role, Alexander cultivated close ties to the Governor of Massachusetts, William Shirley.    When Shirley ascended to the post of commander-in-chief of British forces in North America following the death of Major General Edward Braddock at the Battle of the Monongahela in July 1755, he selected Alexander as one of his aide de camps.   In this role, he met and befriended many of the elites in colonial society including George Washington.   Following Shirleys relief in late 1756, Alexander traveled to Britain to lobby on his former commanders behalf.   While abroad, he learned that the seat of the Earl of Stirling lay vacant.   Possessing family ties to the area, Alexander began pursuing a claim to the earldom and commenced styling himself Lord Stirling.   Though Parliament later declined his claim in 1767, he continued to use the title. Returning Home to the Colonies Returning to the colonies, Stirling resumed his business activities and began building an estate in Basking Ridge, NJ.   Though he received a large inheritance from his father, his desire to live and entertain like nobility often put him into debt.   In addition to business, Stirling pursued mining and various forms of agriculture.   His efforts at the latter saw him win a gold medal from the Royal Society of Art in 1767 for his attempts to commence winemaking in New Jersey.   As the 1760s passed, Stirling became increasingly displeased with British policy towards the colonies.   This change in politics moved him firmly into the Patriot camp when the American Revolution began in 1775 following the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The Fighting Begins Quickly appointed a colonel in the New Jersey militia, Stirling frequently used his own fortune to equip and outfit his men.   On January 22, 1776, he gained notoriety when he led a volunteer force in capturing the British transport Blue Mountain Valley which had grounded off Sandy Hook.   Ordered to New York City by Major General Charles Lee shortly thereafter, he aided constructing defenses in the area and received a promotion to brigadier general in the Continental Army on March 1.   With the successful end of the Siege of Boston later that month, Washington, now leading American forces, began moving his troops south to New York.   As the army grew and reorganized through the summer, Stirling assumed command of a brigade in Major General John Sullivans division which included troops from Maryland, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. The Battle of Long Island In July, British forces led by General Sir William Howe and his brother, Vice Admiral Richard Howe, began arriving off New York.   Late the following month, the British commenced landing on Long Island.   To block this movement, Washington deployed part of his army along the Guan Heights which ran east-west through the middle of the island.   This saw Stirlings men form the right flank of the army as they held the westernmost part of the heights.   Having thoroughly scouted the area, Howe discovered a gap in the heights to east at Jamaica Pass which was lightly defended.   On August 27, he directed Major General James Grant to make a diversionary attack against the American right while the bulk of the army moved through Jamaica Pass and into the enemys rear. As the Battle of Long Island commenced, Stirlings men repeatedly turned back British and Hessian assaults on their position.   Holding for four hours, his troops believed they were winning the engagement as they were unaware that Howes flanking force had begun rolling up the American left.   Around 11:00 AM, Stirling was compelled to begin falling back and was shocked to see British forces advancing to his left and rear.   Ordering the bulk of his command to withdraw over Gowanus Creek to the final defensive line on Brooklyn Heights, Stirling and Major Mordecai Gist led a force of  260–270 Marylanders in a desperate rearguard action to cover the retreat.   Twice attacking a force of over 2,000 men, this group succeeded delaying the enemy.   In the fighting, all but a few were killed and Stirling was captured. Return to Command at the Battle of Trenton Praised by both sides for his audacity and bravery, Stirling was paroled in New York City and later exchanged for Governor Montfort Browne who had been captured during the Battle of Nassau.   Returning to the army later that year, Stirling led a brigade in Major General Nathanael Greenes division during the American victory at the Battle of Trenton on December 26.   Moving into northern New Jersey, the army wintered at Morristown before assuming a position in the Watchung Mountains.   In recognition of his performance the previous year, Stirling received a promotion to major general on February 19, 1777.   That summer, Howe unsuccessfully attempted to bring Washington to battle in the area and engaged Stirling at the Battle of Short Hills on June 26.   Overwhelmed, he was forced to fall back.   Later in the season, the British commenced moving against Philadelphia via the Chesapeake Bay.   Marching south with the army, Stirlings division deployed behind Brandywine Creek as Washington attempted to block the road to Philadelphia.   On September 11 at the Battle of Brandywine, Howe reprised his maneuver from Long Island by sending a force Hessians against the Americans front while moving the majority of his command around Washingtons right flank.   Taken by surprise, Stirling, Sullivan, and Major General Adam Stephen attempted to shift their troops north to meet the new threat.   Though somewhat successful, they were overwhelmed and the army forced to retreat. The defeat ultimately led to the loss of Philadelphia on September 26.   In an attempt to dislodge the British, Washington planned an attack at Germantown for October 4.   Employing a complex plan, American forces advanced in multiple columns while Stirling was tasked with commanding the armys reserve.   As the Battle of Germantown developed, his troops entered fray and were unsuccessful in their attempts to storm a mansion known as Cliveden.   Narrowly defeated in the fighting, the Americans withdrew before later moving into winter quarters at Valley Forge.   While there, Stirling played a key role in disrupting attempts to unseat Washington during the Conway Cabal.   Later Career In June 1778, the newly-appointed British commander, General Sir Henry Clinton, commenced evacuating Philadelphia and moving his army north to New York.   Pursued by Washington, the Americans brought the British to battle at Monmouth on the 28th.   Active in the fighting, Stirling and his division repulsed attacks by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis before counterattacking and driving the enemy back.   Following the battle, Stirling and the rest of the army assumed positions around New York City.   From this area, he supported Major Henry Light Horse Harry Lees raid on Paulus Hook in August 1779.   In January 1780, Stirling led an ineffective raid against British forces on Staten Island.   Later that year, he sat on the board of senior officers that tried and convicted British spy Major John Andre. In the late summer of 1781, Washington departed New York with the bulk of the army with the goal of trapping Cornwallis at Yorktown.   Rather than accompany this movement, Stirling was selected to command those forces remaining in the region and maintain operations against Clinton.   That October, he assumed command of the Northern Department with his headquarters at Albany.   Long known for overindulging in food and drink, by this time he had come to suffer from severe gout and rheumatism.   After spending much of his time developing plans to block a potential invasion from Canada, Stirling died on January 15, 1783 only months before the Treaty of Paris formally ended the war.   His remains were returned to New York City and interred in the Churchyard of Trinity Church.      Sources Mount Vernon: Lord StirlingSterling Historical Society: William AlexanderFind a Grave: William Alexander

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Executive summary - Essay Example In 1990, European identity was formed. This was encouraged by values like poverty eradication, job creation, environmental protection, war rejection, freedom and democracy, human rights and European culture diversification (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 107). American media had dominated in 1980’s. This enabled USA to dominate the whole world in terms of imagery and even power. Western Europe countries also started to dominate the media but in minor way. Through technological development, some parts of Western Europe were able to have TV channels. Introduction of satellites made communication easier but western European media failed to introduce. Therefore, the European media was sidelined (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 108). In 1980, European fought cultural imperialism involving itself more on the media industries. An initiative called European Initiative was formed. Television channels were introduced since they were known to be more influential. This led to the existence of the Euronews. Euronews majors on current affairs and news only. It started broadcasting in five languages but currently it does broadcasting in twelve languages. It broadcasts to 333 million households (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 110). Euronews covers all stories from regions and these stories must be relevant to the European citizen. Its journalists ensure that national allusions and references are adhered to. Journalists write their own accounts. The stories they give should balance view where objectivity is the main rule (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 112). Currently, Euronews is trying to reach the whole world. It is broadcasting in twelve languages. This ensures that it is hunting the whole world. Euronews is reaching many countries in the world because European Union is also going global (Polonska & Kimunguyi,

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

Summary - Essay Example After reading about Avila and watching trailers of ‘Savages’, I realized that women are more deeply involved in drug trafficking than it is widely believed. The involvement of high-profile women from the world of fashion in dangerous, life-threatening and illegal activities also raises other important questions like the reasons and factors that contribute to their involvement and their manipulation on the basis of their gender in drug trafficking. A research article by Council on Hemispheric Affairs stated: Because a woman could use her appearance to bypass security officers, DTO affiliates began attending beauty pageants held in Latin America in order to approach contestants with the lures associated with drug trafficking... Colombian beauty queen and lingerie model, Angie Valencia, who was supposedly using other young, beautiful models to transport drugs in an international cocaine ring. (Mares, COHA) This research topic would not only explore the dual roles of women as victims and perpetrators but would also investigate about the ambiguous roles played by women in the complex web of the underworld. â€Å"According to the National Womens Institute (INMUJERES), the number of females convicted in connection to the drug trade rose 400 percent between 2007 and 2010.† (Ramsey, Insight) Such facts and figures about the involvement of women in drug trafficking are likely to attract students of women and gender studies, legal studies, criminal psychology etc. The data available at the official websites of law enforcement agencies, newspaper articles, human rights organizations, etc. shall prove to be the most authentic sources of acquiring information about this topic. Some sources from where official statistics can be obtained are: Almanac of Policy Issues (http://www.policyalmanac.org/); United States Drug Enforcement Administration

Strategic Change in an Organization

Strategic Change in an Organization Introduction: Change management is the process, tools and techniques to manage the people-side of business change to achieve the required business outcome and to realize that business change effectively within the social infrastructure of the workplace. Change Management Learning Center Strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its objectives. It involves the systematic identification of specifying the firms objectives, nurturing policies and strategies to achieve these objectives, and acquiring and making available these resources to implement the policies and strategies to achieve the firms objectives. Strategic management, therefore, integrates the activities of the various functional sectors of a business, such as marketing, sales, production etc., to achieve organizational goals. Task 1 2.1 Examination the need for strategic change in an organization: 2.1.1 Theory: The complexity of political, regulatory, and technological changes confronting most organizations has made radical organizational change and adaptation a central research issue. This article sets out a framework for understanding organizational changes from the perspective of neo-institutional theory. The principal theoretical issue addressed in the article is the interaction of organizational context and organizational action. The article examines the processes by which individual organizations retain, adopt, and discard templates for organizing, given the institutionalized nature of organizational fields. 2.1.2 Application: There are two possible organizational change models that the Nokia used in establishing their efforts that falls under the Strategic Planning model. There is various kind of approach and two are picked-up for careful examination. The two models are Alignment Model and Scenario Planning Model: 2.1.2.1 Alignment Model: This kind of model ensures the strong alignment among the organizations mission and its resources to effectively operate the organization. This model is useful for organizations that need to fine-tune strategies or find out why they are not working. Nokia might also choose this model if it is experiencing a large number of issues around internal efficiencies. Overall steps include: The planning group outlines the organizations mission, programs, resources, and needed support. Identify whats working well and what needs adjustment. Identify how these adjustments should be made. 2.1.2.2 Scenario Planning: This approach might be used in conjunction with other models to ensure planners truly undertake strategic thinking. The model may be useful, particularly in identifying strategic issues and goals. 1. Comes with the selection of several external forces and imagining the related changes which might influence the organization. 2. For each change in a force, discuss three different future organizational scenarios which might arise with the organization as a result of each change. Reviewing the worst-case scenario often provokes strong motivation to change the organization. 2.1.3 Comment: Nokia examined that; they need to strategic change for their organization because of the organizations mission, programs, resources, and needed support and several external forces and imagining the related changes which might influence the organization. 2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change: 2.2.1 Theory: 2.2.1.1 Political-Legal factors: Political and legal systems vary between countries and often have a direct impact on organizations by placing boundaries on what they can and cannot do. Governments tend to regulate industries such as power supply; telecommunications, postal services and transport and these regulations differ between countries. Merger activity is increasingly subject to the approval of competition authorities by political and legal factors. 2.2.1.2 Economic Factors: Economic factors such as wage levels, inflation and interest rates are critical in driving an organizations cost base. Electronics companies have switched many production facilities to low wage economies in Asia to cut costs. The business cycle or general state of the economy is also a major influence on organizational well-being and changes in one of the major economies have far-reaching effects. 2.2.1.3 Socio-cultural factors: Nokia have managed to be quite environmentally friendly and have not done anything that the consuming public have taken huge offence to, they have been very careful about this and this is one of the reasons they are such a popular brand of mobile phones. A key force for most organizations is demographic change, since changes in the number and age of the population will directly affect the demand for particular products and services. 2.2.1.4 Technological factors: Technology is an important environmental influence and is leading much management to reconsider fundamentally the way they operate. Advances in information technology in particular can affect all aspects of a business, from its overall strategic position through to how it manages marketing, design, production and distribution. 2.2.2 Application: PEST Analysis is done to understand the macro-economic factors that might affect Nokia. 2.2.2.1 Political: Nokia has shifted its manufacturing units to India. Nokia has to be wary of the labor laws and its political implications. For instance, the factory was shut for 2 weeks because of employee strike. In few of the countries, mobile market is still highly regulated and government intervention does take place. 2.2.2.2 Economical: Economy plays a key role in profitability of the smart phone industry. The demand for smart phone is elastic and hence any economic downturn might hamper the sales of the smart phones. 2.2.2.3 Societal: We do not perceive much of societal impacts to Smartphone industry as society are quite receptive to advance technology. Moreover the rise of the so-called information society has made telecommunications increasingly more important to customer, both in terms of work and leisure. 2.2.2.4 Technological: Smartphone industry is marked by drastic technological changes. Innovation and new product launches at faster rate are key attributes for success in this industry. 2.2.3 Comments: Nokia Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change by PEST analysis because of PEST Analysis is a useful tool for understanding the strategic change of the environment in which Nokia are operating, and the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding Organizational environment, Nokia can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats. 2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organisation not responding to strategic change: 2.3.1 Theory: Resource implications: There are severe resource implications to an organisation for not responding to strategic change. The respond should be implemented at the right time. Human resources Physical resources Financial resources If the organisation does not respond to changes, this will affect its entire resources adversely Human resources To maintain a healthy, successful and efficient environment Nokia collaborates with its employees under the main goal to create an environment for all its employees where they can fulfill their potential. Motivation, encouragement and maintaining employees satisfaction and well-being at work are vital for Nokia to perform at its best. As a goods manufacturer Nokia collaborates with its employees within formal and informal networks to allow ideas to be exchanged easily. 2.3.2 Application: Nokia count of all the skilled or unskilled staff for the organization hires to work for them. Nokia do hire highly skilled staff due to its nature of technology work and provide them with training to keep them update and create opportunities for program developers who can work from home to compete in a competition to win prices and even offer them jobs. In this time of recession and economy down turn every Nokia is looking to cut cost by making their surplus staff redundant. 2.3.3 Comments: Nokia assess the human resource implications to their organisation for not responding to strategic change because of the Nokia has highly skilled staff due to their nature of technological work and provide them efficient training program. So Nokia no need to assess the resource implication for their strategic change. 3.1 Develop systems to involve stakeholders in the planning of change: 3.1.1 Theory: Stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying the individuals or groups that are likely to affect or be affected by a proposed action, and sorting them according to their impact on the action and the impact the action will have on them. Stakeholder analysis is a key part of stakeholder management. There are: 3.1.1.1 Identifying Stakeholders When Stakeholders identified as people or organizations that are concerned about, affected by, have a vested interest in, or are involved in some way with the issue at hand. Intermediary community groups, identified during the capacity-building segment, can help identify a broad pool of stakeholders. Though, it is important to discover the informal stakeholder groups and assess their importance. 3.1.1.2 Stakeholder Mapping Mapping stakeholders is a strategic business tool which identifies and assesses the effect of a different individual or group of stakeholders on a company. It examines the power stakeholders can exert, the relative likelihood of them using that power, and their level of interest regarding the companys activities. The stakeholders in this way are broadly divided into four groups; Low interest/low power high interest/low power low interest/high power and high interest/high power 3.1.2 Application: Nokia develop stakeholders planning to change by using two methods identify and mapping stakeholders. With stakeholder mapping, when Nokia used in combination with the political mapping methodology, they dont have to be as accurate in determining the levels of interest and power in the first analysis. With stakeholder mapping, Nokia can identify people who dont have much interest in, or power over, their issues and can thus be ignored from further analysis. 3.1.3 Comment: Nokia should use the mapping stakeholders method for developing their stakeholders planning to change because of Nokia can identify people, who dont have much interest in, or power over, their issues and can thus be ignored from further analysis of stakeholders change planning. 3.2 Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders: 3.2.1 Theory: Stakeholder Management is an important discipline that successful people use to win support from others. It helps them ensure that their projects succeed where others fail. Stakeholder Analysis is the technique used to identify the key people who have to be won over. C:UsersJewelDesktopstakeholder-management-proc.gif Identify stakeholders: The success of the project depends upon the satisfaction of the stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the stakeholders before you develop the product. Identifying stakeholders enables a software team to make better decisions and implementation phases of the development process. Document needs: Publish the completed, prioritized Stakeholder Needs Documents to each stakeholder. Include a copy of the original stakeholder meeting document. Ask for any corrections or changes to their needs within one week. Analysis stakeholders interest: Shareholders and employees have a common interest in the success of the organization. High profits which not only lead to high dividends but also job security. Suppliers have an interest in the growth and prosperity of the firm. Manage stakeholders expectation: Three Managing Stakeholders expectations that are given below: Know your stakeholders Know what you are suppose to deliver from the prospective of the stakeholders Hold your stakeholders accountable to the realities of the projects. Take action: A Stakeholder should take this action in stakeholders management analysis, which is given below: Communicating with stakeholders and keeping them informed of matters that are likely to be of interest to them; Obtaining information from stakeholders that will be relevant to the project; Managing the expectations of stakeholders; Involving stakeholders in all key decisions about the project; 3.2.2 Application: Nokia applied develop change management strategy by stakeholders management process. As we discussed on above stakeholders management model, which is helps Nokia to ensure that their change management strategy projects will be succeed. 3.2.3 Comments: Nokia can use the stakeholders management Model for their develop strategy change management because of this is the technique used to identify the key people who have to be won over. Moreover, by using this model Nokia can identify customers needs and expectation and take action in future for their change management. 3.3 Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change: 3.3.1 Theory: Resistance to change: Resistances to Change can occur at the organizational level, group level, or individual level. 3.3.1.1 Organizational-Level: Power and conflict: If change benefits one function at the expense of another, conflict Impedes the change process. Powerful divisions, such as IBMs mainframe division, can disrupt change. If sales fall, RD wants funding for product development while sales wants to hire more people. Subunit orientations cause coordination problems and slow decision-making. A high level of task interdependence makes change difficult. It is more complicated at top levels by affecting the entire organization. 3.3.1.2 Group-level resistances to change: Group norms: When change results in different task and role relationships, informal norms may become invalid, making a new set of norms necessary. People may resist this. Group cohesiveness, attraction to the group, is helpful, but if it is too high, the group may resist change. The group may work to maintain its position even at the expense of other groups. 3.3.1.3 Individual-level resistances to change: Uncertainty and insecurity: Resistance to the uncertainty and insecurity of change results in inertia. Selective perception and retention suggests that people perceive information consistent with their views. If change doesnt benefit them, they do not endorse it. Habit: People prefer familiar tasks and tend to return to original behaviors, making change. 3.3.2 Application: Nokia evaluated stakeholders planning to change management by using resistances to change model, which is occurring at the organizational level, group level, or individual level for resistances change. Moreover Nokias stakeholders Group resistance occurs when members ignore negative information to achieve harmony. 3.3.3 Comment: Nokia does not have any organizational resistances to change for their stakeholders change management. 3.4 Create a strategy for managing resistance to change: 3.4.1 Theory: Strategies for managing resistance to change: Identify all parties that have a stake in the outcome? Include a way to get all stakeholders involved in the planning and implementation. Goal in the forefront no matter how maintains Your Focus. Keep the long-term whelmed by the resistance tempting it is to get over. Use opposition as opportunities to invite really think about the proposed beneath the surface and hear what people changes. Respect your stakeholders Value input Validate concerns That resistance will go away. Include ways to keep Do not ignore, avoid, or hope the planning and implementation the doors of communication open throughout of the change. 3.4.2 Application: Stakeholders are applied these responsibilities for managing resistance to change of Nokia, which is given below: Identify the stakeholders whose commitment is required. For each type of stakeholder, describe the needed change, perceived benefits and expected resistance. Develop action plans including ones for the stakeholder groups that are not sufficiently committed. One critical group often ignored is higher-level administration; they must be included one of the key groups. 3.4.3 Comment: Nokia can managing resistance to change by using stakeholders strategy for example, stakeholders describe their needs for change, perceived benefits and expected resistances. Task 2 1.1Discuss models of strategic change: 1.1.1 Theory: Strategic change is defined as changes in the content of a firms strategy as defined by its scope, resource deployments, competitive advantages, and synergy. Hofer and Schendel 1978 Strategic change as a subject has for long become a question of importance, within the strategic management field. The reason to why strategic change is important is because it represents the means through which an organization maintains co alignment with shifting competitive, technological and social environments. Strategic change can though damage existing resources and performance especially among organizations highly dependent on human resources; these organizational resources decrease the propensity to adapt strategic change, because of new roles, tasks and circumstances. Kraatz Zajac, 2001 1.1.2 Application: Nokia developed their organizational strategic change by using a number of mergers and acquisitions (MAs) of other firms with more or less related but different business activities. MA as well as strategic alliances are a means to obtain the necessary capabilities and are meant to improve the overall performance of the firm. Nokia is now gradually shifting from MA to alliances in order to strengthen their core capabilities, and divesting and refocusing its business activities instead of diversifying business activities. 1.1.3 Comments: Nokia can develop their organizational strategic change by using a number of mergers and acquisitions (MA) process because of MA to obtain the necessary capabilities and to improve the overall performance of the organization. 1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change to organisations in the current economy: 1.2.1 Theory: Supply chain management Model: Supply chain is operating as efficient as possible and generating the highest level of customer satisfaction at the lowest cost, companies have adopted Supply Chain Management processes and associated technology. Nokia is in a highly competitive market that is very margin/cost sensitive and equipment companies are less and less able to make enough profit on just the sale of boxes alone. The strategy it has adopted is to move to a service and solutions-orientated model, facilitated by the digitalization of the whole telecoms business. Nokias aim has been to create revenue streams from operating the product for the customer or by providing service contracts. 1.2.2 Application: Nokia Networks has done a great job by using all the best practice approaches to supply chain management model and has applied them to a new area of the supply chain an area which is much more important in the current market economy. Nokia using their supply chain to create differentiation in the market place. With this model they are going to be a leader in the transformation of the industry this company has taken a giant step forward. Nokia Networks operates in a highly competitive global market place where low-cost manufacturers and getting more profit. 1.2.3 Comment: Nokia can evaluate the strategic change for their organisations in the current economy by the application of supply chain management model because of Nokia supply chain management to create differentiation in the market place, which highly operates the competitive global market place. As which Nokia able to earn more profit. 1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in organisations: 1.3.1 Theory: Strategic Intervention is a method for assisting people to find empowering meanings for their life circumstances, discover why they do what they do and how they meet their needs in positive and negative ways, the understanding of which helps to promote sustainable change. Tony Robbins Organization Development Interventions: OD interventions are plans or programs comprised of specific activities designed to effect change in some facet of an organization. In general, organizations that wish to achieve a high degree of organizational change will employ a full range of interventions, including those designed to transform individual and group behavior and attitudes. 1.3.1.1 Individual OD Interventions: Role negotiation Management training Job redesign Career planning 1.3.1.2 Team OD Interventions: Team building Process consultation Inter-group team building 1.3.1.3 Organizational-wide OD Interventions: Survey feedback Confrontation meeting Structural redesign Management by objectives (MBO) 1.3.2 Application: Nokia used organizational development strategic intervention techniques in their organisations. As we discuss on above individual OD of Nokia implies several things like management training, job design. Moreover team OD implies team building and process consultation. This is the strategic intervention of Nokia Ltd. 1.3.3 Comment: Nokia should apply individual organizational development strategic intervention techniques in their organisations because of Individual level strategic intervention gives more advantages for the organization. Nokia redesign job and provide management training methods by applying this intervention technique. Thats why this is important for Nokia. 4.1 Develop appropriate models for change: 4.1.1 Theory: Organizational change is the movement of an organization from one situation of dealings to another. Organizational change can take many forms. It may involve a change in a companys structure, strategy, policies, procedures, technology, or culture. The change may be planned years in advance or may be forced upon an organization because of a shift in the environment. Organizational change can be radical and alter the way an organization operates, or it may be incremental and slowly change the way things are done. Nokia applied 5p model for develop their organizational change. 4.1.2 Application: The 5 Ps Model of Nokia Principal and Process People Performance Purpose 4.1.2.1 Purpose: This includes the organizations mission, vision, goals, and objectives, as well as strategies for achieving the vision and mission. Leaders must establish the strategic direction and goals of their organizations as well as the strategies and tactics for achieving them. 4.1.2.2 Principles: Nokia is the honesty base, ethics, and core values to which employees are expected to make a commitment when they are hired. Leaders of Nokia understand the principles upon which their organizations were founded and upon which they currently operate. 4.1.2.3 Processes: Processes are the organizational structures, systems, and procedures that are used to make the products or perform the services that the Nokia provides, as well as the infrastructure and rules that support these systems and procedures. Therefore, Nokia Processes that are well documented and Principles that are well communicated can drive behavior that is necessary to achieve Performance excellence. 4.1.2.4 People: People are the employees who perform work that is consistent with the Principles and Processes of Nokia to achieve its Purpose. Nokia business leaders understand and can align Purpose, Principles, Processes, and People, they are more likely to achieve Performance excellence. 4.1.2.5 Performance: Performance encompasses all the metrics, measurements, and expected results that indicate the status of Nokia and are used as criteria for decision making. It is essential that business leaders understand and establish measurement and feedback systems for their organizations long-term survive and profitability. 4.1.3 Comment: Nokia can develop their organizational change model by using 5ps model because of 5ps model implies the organizations purpose, principal, process, people and performance by which Nokia can achieve their goals and develop organizations structure, producers and performance measurement for strategic decision making. So 5p model is very important for develop organizational change. 4.2 Plan to implement a model for change: 4.2.1 Theory: Implementation of 5p model: Implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. The model that we used in our change management is similar to the 5-P Model implemented in this article, These are: Purpose Principles Process People Performance This model may be appropriate based on the nature of the change, the culture of the organization, and the personalities and style of the change leaders. The important thing is to use a model that serves as an anchor to the day-to-day vagaries of change. Whether were using the 5-P Model, or any number of other change management models, we can be successful. 4.2.2 Application: Implementation of 5p Model of Nokia: The main purpose of Nokia is that, to achieve organizational mission, vision and goals by providing their principal like, good customer service, qualities of product supply, cost reduction and profit maximization. Moreover, Nokias Processes are the developing organizational structures, systems, and procedures that are used to make the qualities of products or perform the best services by providing their expert technologies, Employees and market leaders. Performance is essential because the market leaders of Nokia understand and establish measurement and feedback systems for their organizations long-term survive and profitability. 4.2.3 Comment: The implementation of 5p model of Nokia should apply in the organization because it will show the overview of organizations current objectives, structure and technologies by which company can take further step of change model. 4.3 Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress: 4.3.1 Theory: Developing Monitoring progress is about keeping track of how the work with others is going, making sure you are on task and on time. Monitoring progress in working with others involves you considering your progress in: managing a group activity to enable the group to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently; establishing and maintaining co-operative working relationships, exchanging feedback and agreeing ways to solve difficulties; and Monitoring and critically reflecting on your use of skills in working with others, and adapting your strategy as necessary. 4.3.2 Application: Nokia develop in their organizations monitoring progress by using appropriate measuring tools, which is given below: Identify Problems Surveys are can be very effective in identify problems areas before they become serious, especially those that are hidden from senior management. Training Lack of proper training is a common cause of dissatisfaction among employees and can lead to more serious problems such as stress. Communication For Nokia to run efficiently good internal and external communications are essential, surveys can provide a method to help organizations to monitor and measure how well an organization communicates. Goals and Objectives Nokia can measure and monitor the extent that the personnel are aligned with the senior managements business goals and objectives. 4.3.3 Comment: Nokia can develop organizations monitor progress by measuring tools which is discussed on above. Nokia measures organizations current monitor progress by Identify problems, benchmark, training and goals and objective and can take decision for develop planning to monitor progress.